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Himpunan

Himpunan adalah kumpulan objek yang terdefinisi dengan jelas.
contoh : kumpulan siswa 7E (himpunan)
             kumpulan siswa berbadan seksi (bukan himpunan)
Perhatikan bahwa kedua contoh tersebut. contoh pertama sudah jelas bahwa yang kita definisikan adalah siswa 7E. sedangkan yang kedua masih belum, sebab siswa berbadan seksi itu masih relatif dan tidak bisa kita sebutkan satu persatu.

A. Cara Menuliskan Himpunan
himpunan dapat kita tuliskan dengan cara :

  • Nama himpunan ditulis dengan huruf latin Besar (huruf kapital) dari A s.d Z
  • Anggota himpunan ditulis dalam kurung kurawal { }
  • Dan setiap anggota himpunan dipisahkan dengan tanda koma " , "
contoh : A = {senin, selasa, sabtu} adalah cara menuliskan himpunan dari kumpulan nama hari dimulai huruf "S"

B. Cara Menyajikan Himpunan
  • Dengan kata-kata/ contoh : B = {kumpulan nama bulan dimulai huruf J}
  • Dengan Tabulasi/disebutkan anggotanya/ contoh : B = {januari, juni, juli}
  • Dengan Notasi / B = {x | x kumpulan nama bulan dimulai huruf J}
C. Jenis-Jenis Himpunan
  • Himpunan Kosong adalah himpunan yang tidak memiliki anggota himpunan/ contoh : kumpulan bilangan genap yang ganjil/ ditulis : { } atau kurung kurawal saja
  • Himpunan Nol adalah himpunan yang anggota nya hanya angka Nol saja/ contoh : bilangan bulat diantara -1 dan 1 adalah 0 sehingga ditulis {0}
  • Himpunan Semesta (S) adalah himpunan yang memuat semua anggota himpunan yang sedang dibicarakan, contoh : kita sedang membicarakan kumpulan nama bulan yang diawali huruf J sehingga semesta yang tepat adalah kumpulan nama bulan dalam satu tahun
  • Himpunan Bagian adalah himpunan yang menjadi bagian dari himpunan lain.

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